To start with, the outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution. The government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the world’s first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republic. The United States is the world’s oldest surviving federation. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy.

The Constitution of the United States was adopted on June 21, 1788. It is the oldest written constitution still in use. It is a basic law from which the US government gets all its power. It is the law that protects those who live in the United States from unreasonable actions by the national government or any state government.

The constitution defines three branches of government. They are the legislative branch, which enacts laws; the executive branch, which enforces those laws; and the judicial branch, which interprets laws. The federal government is composed of three branches:

First, legislative branch is called Congress, made up of two groups of legislators --- the Senate and the House of Representatives. It makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, as well as has the power of the purse and impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. A member of the Senate is addressed as the Senator. Members of the House of Representatives are called congressmen or congresswomen. The Senate is often referred to as the upper house, which has 100 members, two senators from each state. Both senators represent the entire state. Senators are elected for 6-year term. Every 2 years, one-third of all senators face reelection.

The lower house, which is called the House of Representatives, has 435 voting members, all of whom are elected every 2 years. The number of the representatives from each state is determined by that state’s population. Let me take an example. Seven states have the minimum of one representative, while California, the most populous state, has 53. For the purpose of electing representatives, each state is divided into congressional districts. The districts within a state are equal in population. One representative is elected from each district. One of a representative’s major duties is to protect the interests of the people in that district.

Secondly, the president is the nation’s chief Executive. The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the members of the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The president also spends much of his time making decisions about foreign policy. Of course, a very large staff of advisers and other employees assist the president. However, the vice president is the only other elected person in the executive branch.

Finally, the Judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional. Federal laws cannot violate the terms of the Constitution. As a matter of fact, federal laws are in some way, controlled or affected by all three branches of the government--- the Congress makes them; the president approves and enforces them; and the courts determine what they mean and whether they are constitutional. This is a good example of the government’s system of checks and balances.

2 Two-party Political System

The modern political party system in the United States is a two-party system dominated by the two major political parties Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and have controlled the United States Congress since at least 1856. Several other third parties from time to time achieve relatively minor representation at the national and state levels.

However, the United States Constitution has always been silent on the issue of political parties; at the time it was signed in 1787, there were no parties in the nation. Indeed, no nation in the world had voter-based political parties. The need to win popular support in a republic led to the American invention of political parties in the 1790s. Americans were especially devising new techniques that linked public opinion with public policy through the party.

The Democratic Party is the oldest political party in the United States and among the oldest in the world. The Democratic Party, since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, has consistently positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party in economic as well as social matters. In 2004, it was the largest political party, with 72 million voters claiming affiliation. The president of the United States, Obama, is the 15th Democrat to hold the office.

A 2011 USA Today review of state voter rolls indicates that registered Democrats declined in 25 of 28 states. Democrats were still the largest political party with more than 42 million voters, compared with 30 million Republicans and 24 million independents. But in 2011 Democrats numbers shrank 800,000, and from 2008 they were down by 3.9%.

The Republican Party is often referred to as the Grand Old Party, GOP. Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery expansion activists and modernizers, the Republican Party rose to prominence with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president. It is currently the second largest party with 55 million registered members. Former President George W. Bush is the 19th Republican to hold that office.

USA Today's review of state voter rolls indicates that registered Republicans declined in 21 of 28 states. The number of independents rose in 18 states, increasing by 325,000 in 2011, and was up more than 1.7% from 2008.

Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or conservative and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or liberal. The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as “blue states”, are relatively liberal. The “red states” of the South and parts of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.

3 Election of President

In the early years of the United States, voting was considered a matter for state governments, and was commonly restricted to white men who owned land. Direct elections were mostly held only for the U.S. House of Representatives and state legislatures. Today, U.S. citizens have almost universal suffrage from the age of 18, regardless of race, gender, or wealth, and both Houses of Congress are directly elected.

There is strong agreement that the United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.

The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The president is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and the District of Columbia.

The President and the Vice President are elected together in a Presidential election. The election is indirect, the winner being determined by votes cast by electors of the Electoral College. In modern times, voters in each state select a slate of electors from a list of several slates, and the electors typically promise in advance to vote for the candidates of their party. Presidential elections occur on Election Day, the Tuesday between November 2 and 8, coinciding with the general elections of various other federal, states and local races. The most recent was the 2008 presidential election, held on November 4 that year.

The winner of the 2008 presidential election, Barack Hussein Obama II (/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ ; born August 4, 1961), Democrat, is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017. He is the first African American to assume the presidency.

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.

4. The advantage of the US Location

Well, I’d like to share my point of view with you all. For one thing, it is well-known that the Atlantic coast of the United States faces the developed countries of Western Europe, and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australia. In the past, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans served as natural barriers between the US and the rest of the world. This allowed the United States to grow and become strong with little outside interference. For another, the development of means of communication and transportation makes the US well connected to the rest of the world.

The United States has extensive coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as on the Gulf of Mexico. Rivers flow from far within the continent and the Great Lakes—five large, inland lakes along the U.S. border with Canada—provide additional shipping access. These extensive waterways have helped shape the country's economic growth over the years and helped bind America's 50 individual states together in a single economic unit.

So the location of the United States really does quite a lot to the development of the United States.